Re: SHEHU SHAGARI: A Good Man, a Bad Leader by Jiti Ogunye

The historical position taking by Mr Jiti Ogunye in his review of the life and times of Shehu Shagari, which he summed up as “A good man, a bad leader”, is copious enough. In my opinion, Mr Ogunye seems to have covered all the relevant issues to justify his good-man-bad-leader image of the late former President Shehu Shagari of Nigeria.

The only addition I wish to make is to highlight a more relevant image of late President Shehu Shagari as an archetype of everything that is wrong with leadership practices in Nigeria. A glance at his Curriculum Vitae shows the following: 

Shehu Shagari joined the political leadership cadre in Nigeria at the grand old age of 29. Before then, he had spent 8 years (1944-1952) as a student in a Teacher Training College. With only one year experience as a visiting teacher in Sokoto Province, he was appointed as a member of Federal Scholarship Board. After four years in the post, he entered politics and became a parliamentary secretary. At 34, he was appointed as a Federal Minister for Commerce and Industries, later redeployed as the Federal Minister for Economic Development; Minister for Pensions; Minister for Internal Affairs; and Minister for Works. All these important Cabinet posts were bestowed on him between 1958 and 1966.  After the military coup d’état of 1966 he went back to Sokoto and between 1967 and 1969, he was appointed as Secretary for Sokoto Province Education Development Fund and later as North Western State Commissioner for Establishment. 

At the end of the Nigerian civil war in 1970, Shehu Shagari rejoined the Federal Government as Federal Commissioner for Economic Development, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. From 1971-1975, he was the Federal Commissioner for Finance and in this capacity, he served as a governor for the World Bank and as a member of the International Monetary Board Committee of Twenty. From 1954 to 1975 Shehu Shagari worked/served in government without breaking stride as a political office holder.

We may like to ask, what is the background qualification, expertise and experience that Shehu Shagari brought into these important government positions? His basic educational background was a Grade Two Teacher Certificate that took 8 years to obtain. Without any additional educational exposure, he was selected to manage the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and the Ministry for Economic Development. These were two important agencies of government that were critical to the laying down of a formidable economic foundation for a newly independent nation.

While nations like Singapore and Malaysia sought the best materials among their citizens to lay a sound foundation for their economic growth and development, the Powers-That-Be in Nigeria had no vision beyond seizing the reins of political power. The political leaders in Nigeria are only proficient in how to enjoy the perks, the luxury and the comfort of political office. But in the delivery of public services to benefit the people, they never have a clue about how to make and use political power/office to work for the progress of the commonwealth. 

The archetype Shehu Shagari was an example of the calibre of political overlords placed over Nigeria since independence in 1960. He was a typical square peg in a round hole. Where Nigeria is today as a poverty-stricken nation, it is thanks to the foundation of mediocrity his types laid since 1959.  Unfortunately, the template of rejecting the services of the competent for the incompetents, of sabotaging meritocracy for mediocrity; and of selecting/appointing unqualified personnel to manage serious leadership positions, is still very much alive and kicking strong today. 

The Cement Armada Scandal

How many people in Nigeria can remember that Shehu Shagari was the Federal Minister of Finance in residence during the Cement Armada episode of 1974-1975?

In a paper written by Hanaan Marwah subtitled ‘the Cement Armada scandal 1974-1980’, it was recorded that, “The ‘Cement Armada’ was a major Nigerian government scandal which culminated in hundreds of cement-laden ships arriving en masse at Lagos, creating severe multi-year-long port congestion during the height of the 1970s oil boom.”  Also, a government Tribunal reported that, “The Ministry of Defence needed only 2.9 million tons of cement at a cost of N52 million as against the 16 million metric tons of cement, it ordered, at a cost of N557 million.”

The reason behind the scandal was due to the failure of the Ministry of Finance to lead and to coordinate the activities of the Central Bank of Nigeria and of the Ministry of Defence in the approval and issuance of import licences for the importation of cement and other goods. Also, its technical and professional inability to see the linkage between the number of licences issued, the volume of expected cargoes and the inadequate capacity of the port that would handle the clearance on arrival. 

Hanaan Marwah in a doctoral thesis in 2011 argues that,

“The scandal epitomised profligacy with government funds, public officials using their access to gain illegal personal benefits, major avoidable planning errors and disorganisation which attracted wider illegal involvement. It also caused severe port congestion which lasted for several years: ships waited on average 250 days in 1975 to unload their goods, and the port was still congested in early 1978, with attendant inflation and product shortages, including shortages of construction materials. The events were a major blow to the Nigerian economy of the 1970s and played a role in bringing down the government in a coup in mid-1975.”   

Yet four years later, the same Shehu Shagari whose mismanagement of the Ministry of Finance contributed in no small measure to the toppling of a government was adjudged qualified enough by the then secretive ‘Kaduna Mafia’ to be railroaded above all other better candidates to lead the Federal Republic of Nigeria as President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces in 1979. As usual, history was allowed to repeat itself as the country witnessed another unprecedented profligacy in government during his tenure as President in 1979-1983. His repeated mediocre performance again led to the sacking of his government by another military coup d’état in 1983.

Nigeria is still treading the same path of political quagmire and is still swimming merrily in the sea of endemic nepotistic habits that continue to foolishly put square pegs in round holes. Nigeria is repeating the same mistake of the past as we are again experiencing today under the clueless administration and mediocre economic management of present President Muhammadu Buhari of Nigeria.

Also just like Shehu Shagari, Buhari has brought no prerequisite educational qualification for the job that such an important position as head of government demands. Buhari has neither the intellectual capacity to administer the office of the President nor is he broad-minded enough to identify and to assemble capable hands outside of his family and clan members to manage national affairs. It seems by the nature of the political system gifted to Nigeria and put in place since 1914, Nigeria is forever constrained from seeking and putting the best brains forward to manage the affairs of the country. Why is that so? 

The Population Booby Trap

It is because the departing British colonial administrators in 1960 cruelly laid abundant booby traps on the Nigeria’s development path. A good example is the mischievous act of clandestinely and recklessly apportioning fictitious population census figures to the different ethnic groups in Nigeria. And the allocation of more population figures to a chosen ethnic group that resides in a sparsely populated region as their surrogate overseer of Nigeria. By the divisive North-South design built into the political affairs of the country from inception, it has become practically impossible to select/elect through the democratic means, which rely on majority numbers, the right political candidates for the right political and economic positions in Nigeria. 

Particularly, when we considered the immovable booby trap of the fraudulent population and census figures imposed on the nation in 1952, justice and fair play were ruthlessly taken out of the political equations of Nigeria. Since then, Nigeria has become a peculiar nation in the comity of nations that can only present estimated population figures. Why? because Nigeria is unable to count its citizens for obvious reason. Unfortunately, this singular treacherous episode of deliberately masking and shrouding the population figures of Nigeria in secrecy during the creation of Nigeria has locked up the country in a mediocrity bubble.

Sadly, the massaged and skewed ethnic population figures have become a veritable weapon in the hands of the British chosen minority ethnic group in power for the injurious exploitation of the other ethnic groups. In my humble opinion, it seems the British colonial administrators, as they did in all their various colonies, have deliberately designed and built an apartheid political system into the political fabric of Nigeria.

Through the benighted, godforsaken political structures with the embedded neocolonial economic system, the British gifted to Nigeria a manufactured national population census figures that have no relevance to the reality of population distribution in Nigeria. The gerrymandered population of Nigeria has since then become the template for the present unjust, magical and unscientific yardsticks for the design of political structures of States and Local governments; for the sharing of parliamentary seats, for the national planning, allocation of economic resources and financial revenues, and for the appointments and recruitment of political and administrative personnel.

Hence the whole world marvel and wonder about the recurrence of deplorable and incompetent leaders in Nigeria. The world ask, why is it that the most unqualified Nigerians, whose only qualification is to belong to the right bloodline among the British preferred and chosen ethnic group, have always succeeded in manning the highest seat of political affairs in Nigeria? Why is the world still entertaining any surprise and still in doubt about what the outcome of such dishonest manipulation of political affairs will be?

Such a dirty Machiavellian political game that was played on Nigeria, has ensured that the country cannot produce any pleasant fruit of peace, progress and prosperity. Hence, the disastrous consequences of a beleaguered and perpetual state of disunity, distrust, strife, rancour, war, poverty and suffering that have become the lot of the Indigenous People of Nigeria since independence. And as long as the population booby trap remains intact, unshaken and uncorrected, the future of Nigeria is going to be bleaker than her past

In order for us to understand fully this unwholesome and ongoing political rape of the different nations that make up Nigeria, a proper study of the archetype Shehu Shagari will draw the lesson home clearly to all those seeking answers to the inscrutable Nigerian Question.

Having discovered one of the answers to the dilemma of the Nigerian Question as a deliberate and calculated population fraud, foisted on the country as a divide and rule strategy, the ball is now in the courts of ‘Fellow Nigerians’ to show the world that we are ready, prepared and capable to use the lessons of our contemporary history to deconstruct, reconstruct, restructure and reconstitute our future.

Enough said.   

In the Spirit of Truth

SAM ABBD ISRAEL

3 January 2019

NOTES

1. Jiti Ogunye (2018) Shehu Shagari: A Good Man, a Bad Leader. http://nigeriancurrent.com/2018/12/30/shehu-shagari-a-good-man-a-bad-leader/ 
2. Hanaan Marwah (2018), Untangling government, market, and investment failure during the Nigerian oil boom: the Cement Armada scandal 1974-1980     https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00076791.2018.1458839
3. Hanaan Marwah (2011), Investing in Ghosts: Building and Construction in Nigeria’s Oil Boom and Bust c.1960-2000. (A Doctoral Thesis) University of Oxford